Cancer Immunology - 2728 Words

Cancer: Cancer can be defining as disease condition in which cell divide and proliferate uncontrollably bypassing the normal rules of cell division. It is characterized by a progression of changes on cellular and genetic level that ultimately reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled cell division, thus forming a malignant mass. Carcinogenesis: Cancers consist of single clones or several clones of cells that are capable of partially (benign tumor) or fully (malignant cancer) independent growth in the host. The essence of carcinogenesis is the activation (deregulation) of genes that regulate cell growth via bypassing the host’s regulatory circuits. Multiple genes must be deregulated for the development of fully malignant†¦show more content†¦Immunotherapy of virus-associated cancers can be directed against viral-antigens vital for viral replication or growth. The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 proteins interfere with normal cell-cycle regulation and are required for the viral life cycle. Examples of tumer antigen are Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG): A glycoprotein hormone produced during pregnancy. Some cancerous tumors produce this hormone; therefore, elevated levels measured when the patient is not pregnant can lead to a cancer diagnosis. Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP): Major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the liver during fetal development The human fetus has the highest amount of AFP levels found in humans. Normal adult levels are usually achieved by the age of 8 to 12 months. The function of AFP in adults is unknown; however, in fetus it binds estradiol to prevent the transport of this hormone across the placenta. Prostate-Specific Antigen: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland called a biological marker or a tumor marker. It is normal for men to have a low level of PSA in their blood; however, prostate cancer or benign (not cancerous) conditions can increase a man’s PSA level. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Michael (2001): CEA was first described in 1965 by Gold and Freedman present in both fetal colon and colon adenocarcinoma but that appeared to be absentShow MoreRelatedAgeing Does Effect Everybody And Your Questionnaire Is1492 Words   |  6 Pagesconnection to MIMM 214 which is vey well linked to your paper. The only suggestion from improvement is perhaps to try and either discuss the relationship between the immune system aging and cancer in your article or remove the idea of cancer from your questionnaire’s â€Å"Why† section because the connection to cancer is not clearly explained within the paper. Please answer the following three questions in the available text boxes: (Write at least 2 or 3 full sentences.) a) What did the author do to makeRead MoreThe Effects Of Optimism On Cancer Survival Rate926 Words   |  4 Pagesinconsistent findings, we have to first understand the inner mechanisms of the effects of optimism on cancer survival rate. Salovey (2000) has proposed various potential casual pathways from dispositional optimism to cancer survival outcomes. One of the potential mediators of optimism and survival outcome might be immune system. In other words, optimism tends to enhance the immune system which in turn enhance cancer survival rate. Indeed, Ah (2007) examines the intimate connections among social support, optimismRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Developmental Genes And Cancer911 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Moore, S. W. (2009). Developmental genes and cancer in children. Pediatric. Blood Cancer, 52(7), 755-760. doi:10.1002/pbc.21831. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19165888 A study shows that children who develop cancer have a gene deformity. The exposure of aspartame s carcinogenic effect is increased in the womb. Many children develop cancer because either one or both parent has the cancer genes or was exposed to different forms of carcinogenic as childrenRead MoreIdentification and Characterization of Somatic Mutations Associated with Progression of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Having FLT3ITD 668 Words   |  3 Pagesinhibitors in treatment of AMLFLT3ITD† at Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore (NUS) was the ideal experience to acquire skills in molecular cloning, cell culture, protein biochemistry, bioinformatics and exome sequencing. The molecular pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia has not been completely deciphered yet but develops through a multistep acquisition of a wide range of somatic mutations. Therefore, investigation of cancer genome sequences and structures provideRead MoreCareer Of The Clinical Laboratory Science Field2116 Words   |  9 Pagesmay also check to ensure that products for transfusions are safe. Laboratory Scientists have many careers to choose from. Some of them work as a specialist in areas such as, Hematology, Oncology, Blood Banking, Chemistry, Biotechnology, Virology, Immunology, Stem Cell Research, and many more. They may also be found working as, a Clinical Laboratory Supervisor, a Quality Specialist, Clinical Research Associates of Clinical Trial Organizations, and Consultants for Physician’s Office Laboratories, andRead MoreWhat Are Oncolytic Viruses?1225 Words   |  5 Pagesnaturally made, that can kill cancer cells without affecting normal cells. The virus rapidly multiplies until the cancerous cell explodes. This releases the virus, tumor specific agents, and GM-CSF. This causes the immune system to recognize cancerous cells and fight them with the help of the virus. Who/When Was it Developed? The uses of viruses to treat cancer have been talked about since the 1900’, but only due to the recent advances in microbiology, immunology, and virology, have we been ableRead MoreIn 2014 They Had Issued Over 486,000 Shares Where Each1154 Words   |  5 Pagescollaborative agreement it made it possible for CRVS to begin the trial run for the CPI-444 drug in the start of the 2016 quarter. It’s important that CRVS signed the agreement because it gives them â€Å"access to, and supplies of, its investigational cancer immunotherapy, atezolizumab (MPDL3280A), to be used in combination with CPI-444 in the clinical trial† (S1, 27). Both companies can get out of the agreement if they the safety considerations or if atezolizumab becomes discontinued. CRVUS needs toRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Cancer Essay2258 Words   |  10 PagesCancer is a group of over 100 diseases involving uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body with very high potential to spread to other body parts. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and may lead to the death of the individual. In humans, over two hundred different forms of cancers have been identified, affecting more than sixty organs and claiming millions of lives worldwide.1 In the modern era, cancer is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Based on the GOBOCAN reportRead MoreLincoln Desert Mission Food Bank1005 Words   |  5 Pagesstudies regarding T lymphocytes. -Samuel Campos, PhD: early events of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. MOLECULAR and CELLULAR BIOLOGY: -Joyce Schroeder, PhD: breast cancer progression and invasion -Guang Yao: cancer cell behaviors -Tricia Serio: prion studies BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: -Urs Utzinger, PhD: clinical cancer detection -Marek Romanowski, PhD: personalized medicine -Walther Ellis: microbe monitoring PHARMACOLOGY -Thomas Davis PhD: mechanisms involved in delivering drugs across theRead MoreMonoclonal Antibody ( Magic Bullets ) : A Promising Treatment For Cancer1659 Words   |  7 PagesMONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (â€Å"MAGIC BULLETS†) - A PROMISING TREATMENT FOR CANCER ANURIMA MODI TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA-700091 REVIEW PAPER ABSTRACT Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are an old immunological tool in the field of biotechnology, immunology, biochemistry and applied biology. The use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy is one of the most versatile, powerful and important strategies in the treatment of cancer. Over a past couple of years, the US Food and Drug Administration